Unit 40- Part A
Study this example situation:Last month Gary was in hospital for a few days. Rachel didn’t know this, so she didn’t go to visit him. They met a few days ago. Rachel said:
If I had known you were in hospital, I would have gone to see you.
Rachel said: If I had known you were in hospital …. This tells us that she didn’t know he was in hospital.
We use if + had (‘d) … to talk about the past (if I had known/been/done etc.):
• I didn’t see you when you passed me in the street. If I‘d seen you, of course I would have said hello. (but I didn’t see you)
• I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I hadn’t been so tired. (but I was tired)
• If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn’t have walked into the wall. (but he wasn’t looking)
• The view was wonderful. If I‘d had a camera with me, I would have taken some photographs. (but I didn’t have a camera)
Compare:
• I’m not hungry. If I was hungry, I would eat something. (now)
• I wasn’t hungry. If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something. (past)
Unit 40- Part B
Do not use would in the if-part of the sentence. We use would in the other part of the sentence: • If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (not If I would have seen you)
Note that ‘d can be would or had:
• If I’d seen you, (I’d seen = I had seen)
I’d have said hello. (I’d have said = I would have said)
Unit 40- Part C
We use had (done) in the same way after wish. I wish something had happened = I am sorry that it didn’t happen:• I wish I’d known that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him. (but I didn’t know)
• I feel sick. I wish I hadn’t eaten so much cake. (I ate too much cake)
• Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (you didn’t study science)
Do not use would have … after wish:
• The weather was cold while we were away. I wish it had been warmer. (not I wish it would have been)
Unit 40- Part D
Compare would (do) and would have (done):• If I had gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (I am not tired now – present)
• If I had gone to the party last night, I would have met lots of people. (I didn’t meet lots of people – past)
Compare would have, could have and might have:
| • If the weather hadn’t been so bad, | we would have gone out. we could have gone out. (= we would have been able to go out) we might have gone out. (= perhaps we would have gone out) |
Exercises
{slide=1 Put the verb into the correct form.}
Put the verb into the correct form.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 If he’d missed / he had missed the train, he’d have missed / he would have missed his flight.
3 I’d have forgotten / I would have forgotten … you hadn’t reminded
4 I’d had / I had had … I’d have sent / I would have sent
5 we’d have enjoyed / we svould have enjoyed … the weather had been
6 It would have been … I’d walked /I had walked
7 I were / I was
8 I’d been / I had been{end-tooltip}
1 I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I’d known (I / know), I would have gone (I / go)
to see you.
2 Sam got to the station just in time to catch the train to the airport. If ________________ (he / miss)
the train, ________________ (he / miss) his flight.
3 I’m glad that you reminded me about Amanda’s birthday. ________________ (I / forget)
if ________________ (you / not / remind) me.
4 Unfortunately I forgot my address book when I went on holiday.
If ________________ (I / have) your address, ________________ (I / send) you a postcard.
5 A: How was your holiday? Did you have a nice time?
B: It was OK. but ________________ (we / enjoy) it more if ________________ (the weather / be) nicer.
6 I rook a taxi to the hotel, but the traffic was bad. ________________ (it / be)
quicker if ________________ (I / walk).
7 I’m not tired. If ________________ (I / be) tired, I’d go home now.
8 I wasn’t tired last night. If ________________ (I / be) tired, I would have gone home earlier. {/slide} {slide=2 For each situation, write a sentence beginning with If.}For each situation, write a sentence beginning with If.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 If the road hadn’t been icy, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
3 If I’d known / If I had known (that Joe’had to get up early), I’d have woken / I would have woken him up.
4 If Jane hadn’t lent me the money, I wouldn’t have been able to buy the car. or … I couldn’t have bought the car.
5 If Karen hadn’t been wearing a seat belt, she’d have been injured / she would have been injured (in the crash).
6 If you’d had / If you had had (some) breakfast, you wouldn’t be hungry now.
7 If I’d had / If I had had (some) money, I’d have got / I would have got a taxi.{end-tooltip}
1 I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.
If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something.
2 The accident happened because the road was icy.
If the road _________________________________
3 I didn’t know that Joe had to get up early, so I didn’t wake him up.
If I _________________________________
4 I was able to buy the car only because Jane lent me the money.
_________________________________
5 Karen wasn’t injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
_________________________________
6 You didn’t have any breakfast – that’s why you’re hungry now.
_________________________________
7 I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have any money.
_________________________________
{/slide} {slide=3 Imagine that you are in these situations.}Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 I wish I’d applied / I wish I had applied for it. or … for the job.
3 I wish I’d learned / I wish I had learned to play a musical instrument (when I was younger).
4 I wish I hadn’t painted it red. or … the gate red.
5 I wish I’d brought / I wish I had brought my camera.
6 I wish they’d phoned / I wish they had phoned first (to say they were coming). or I wish I’d known / I wish I had known they were coming.{end-tooltip}
1 You’ve eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say: I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.
2 There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that your decision was wrong.
You say: I wish I ____________________________
3 When you were younger, you never learned to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this.
You say: ____________________________
4 You’ve painted the gate red. Now you think that red was the wrong colour.
You say: ____________________________
5 You are walking in the country. You’d like to take some photographs, but you didn’t bring your camera.
You say: ____________________________
6 You have some unexpected guests. They didn’t phone first to say they were coming. You are very busy and you are not prepared for them.
You say (to yourself): ____________________________
{/slide}
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Unit 39 Unit 40 Unit 41 |  |