Unit 95- Part A
There are two types of relative clause. In these examples, the relative clauses are underlined. Compare:
| Type 1 • The woman who lives next door is a doctor. |
Type 2 • My brother Rob, who lives in Australia, is a doctor. |
| • Barbara works for a company that makes furniture. | • Colin told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much. |
| • We stayed at the hotel (that) you recommended. | • We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours recommended. |
| In these examples, the relative clause tells you which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means: ‘The woman who lives next door’ tells us which woman. ‘A company that makes furniture‘ tells us what kind of company. ‘The hotel (that) Ann recommended‘ tells us which hotel. |
In these examples, the relative clauses do not tell you which person or thing the speaker means. We already know which thing or person is meant: ‘My brother Rob’, ‘Colin’s new job’ and ‘the Park Hotel’. The relative clauses in these sentences give us extra information about the person or thing. |
We do not use commas (,) with these clauses: • We know a lot of people who live in London. |
We use commas (,) with these clauses: • My brother Rob, who lives in London, is a doctor. |
Unit 95- Part B
In both types of relative clause we use who for people and which for things. But:
| Type 1 You can use that: • Do you know anyone who/that speaks French and Italian? • Barbara works for a company which/that makes furniture. |
Type 2 You cannot use that: • John, who (not that) speaks French and Italian, works as a tourist guide. • Colin told me about his new job, which (not that) he’s enjoying very much. |
You can leave out who/which/that when it is the object (see Unit 93): • We stayed at the hotel (that/which) you recommended. • This morning I met somebody (who/that) I hadn’t seen for ages. |
You cannot leave out who or which: • We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours recommended. • This morning I met Chris, who I hadn’t seen for ages. |
We do not often use whom in this type of clause (see Unit 94B). |
You can use whom for people (when it is the object): • This morning I met Chris, whom I hadn’t seen for ages. |
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| In both types of relative clause you can use whose and where: | |
| • We met some people whose car had broken down. |
• Liz, whose car had broken down, was in a very bad mood. |
| • What’s the name of the place where you went on holiday? | • Jill has just been to Sweden, where her daughter lives. |
Exercises
{slide=1 Make one sentence from two.}
Make one sentence from two. Use the sentence in brackets to make a relative clause (Type 2). You will need to use who(m)/whose/which/where.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}3 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is not very far away.
4 I went to see the doctor, who told me to rest for a few days.
5 John, who/whom I’ve known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.
6 Sheila, whose job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot.
7 The new stadium, which can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month.
8 Glasgow, where my brother lives, is the largest city in Scotland.
9 A friend of mine, whose father is the manager of a company, helped me to get a job.{end-tooltip}
1 Catherine is very friendly. (She lives next door.)
Catherine, who lives next door, is very friendly.
2 We stayed at the Park Hotel. (A friend of ours had recommended it.)
We satyed at the Park Hotel, whish a friend of ours had recommended.
3 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. (It is not very far away.)
____________________________________________________________________
4 I went to see the doctor. (He told me to rest for a few days.)
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5 John is one of my closest friends. (I have known him for a very long time.)
John ____________________________________________________________
6 Sheila is away from home a lot. (Her job involves a lot of travelling.)
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7 The new stadium will be opened next month. (It can hold 90,000 people.)
____________________________________________________________________
8 Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. (My brother lives there.)
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9 A friend of mine helped me to get a job. (His father is the manager of a company.)
____________________________________________________________________
{/slide} {slide=2 Read the information and complete each sentence.}Read the information and complete each sentence. Use a relative clause of Type 1 or Type 2. Use commas where necessary.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}3 The strike at the car factory, which began ten days ago, is now over.
4 I’ve found the book I was looking for this morning. or … the book that/which I was looking for.
5 The population of London, which was once the largest city in the world, is now falling.
6 Few of the people who/that applied for the job had the necessary qualifications.
7 Amy showed me a photograph of her son, who is a policeman.{end-tooltip}
1 There’s a woman living next door to me. She’s a doctor.
The woman who lives next door to me is a doctor.
2 I’ve got a brother called Rob. He lives in Australia. He’s a doctor.
My brother Rob , who lives in Australia, is a doctor.
3 There was a strike at the car factory. It began ten days ago. It is now over.
The strike at the car factory ________________________________
4 I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now.
I’ve found ________________________________
5 London was once the largest city in the world, bur the population is now falling.
The population of London ________________________________
6 A job was advertised. A lot of people applied for it. Few of them had the necessary qualifications.
Few of ________________________________
7 Amy has a son. She showed me a photograph of him. He’s a policeman.
Amy showed me ________________________________
{/slide} {slide=3 Correct the sentences that are wrong and put in commas where necessary.}Correct the sentences that are wrong and put in commas where necessary. If the sentence is correct, write ‘OK’.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 My office, which is on the second floor, is very small.
3 OK (The office that/which I’m using … is also correct)
4 Ben’s father, who used to be a teacher, now works for a TV company.
5 OK (The doctor who examined me … is also correct)
6 The sun, which is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.{end-tooltip}
1 Colin told me about his new job that, he’s enjoying very much.
Colin told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much.
2 My office that is on the second floor is very small.
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3 The office I’m using at the moment is very small.
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4 Ben’s father that used to be a teacher now works for a TV company.
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5 The doctor that examined me couldn’t find anything wrong.
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6 The sun that is one of millions of stars in the universe provides us with heat and light.
_______________________________________________________________ {/slide}
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Unit 94 Unit 95 Unit 96 |  |